1. What does MPI stand for?
Ministry for Primary Industries

2. Biosecurity is often talked about in the media. Name two biosecurity responses that have taken place in New Zealand within the past five years.
- Queensland Fruit Fly (QFF)
- Tau Fly
- Mycoplasma Bovis
- Myrtle Rust
- Pea Weevil
- Velvet leaf

3. New Zealand has several national surveillance programmes and trapping networks targeting some of our most unwanted pests and diseases. Why are these so important?
Assuring trade partners that New Zealand exports are safe: many countries require evidence that New Zealand's primary-sector goods will not carry pests or diseases to their shores. The best possible assurance we can give them is to prove those organisms do not live here – using rigorous and reliable science.

Early detection: should a harmful pest or disease arrive in New Zealand surveillance programmes give us early warning. By telling us what is here, and where it is, they allow us to mount a swift and coordinated response to eradicate or control an outbreak.

Understanding and controlling established pests and diseases: when pests or diseases are established in New Zealand, we aim to understand them and, if possible, stop them from spreading around the country. Surveillance programmes tell us if harmful organisms are changing or moving, so we can manage the risks.

4. Can you name one of our national surveillance programmes or trapping networks?
- System of public reporting by ‘catching, snapping, reporting’ to the 0800 number
- Fruit flies
- Invasive ants
- Asian gypsy moth
- Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (BMSB)
- Avian influenza
- Apiculture surveillance
- Marine high-risk surveillance
- High-risk site surveillance
- Salt marsh mosquito

5. One of the images below is a Queensland Fruit Fly (QFF). Which one is it?
Number 4 is the QFF.

6. What are the potential impacts of the QFF to New Zealand horticultural industries?
- Production impacts to a wide range of crops.
- Market access restrictions as the QFF is not present in most of our major export markets.

7. This is an unwanted pest for many horticultural industries. What is it?
This is a Spotted Lanternfly nymph.

8. There are lots of things about the worrisome Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (BMSB) that make it really good at invading new countries; establishing itself very quickly; and being a nuisance to not just horticultural industries but the public too. Can you name two reasons that makes BMSB such a successful pest of new countries/environments?
- It’s highly mobile and spreads quickly
- Likes to hitch-hike on anything it can
- Likes lots of different fruit and vegetable crops (has a wide host range) and causes them all damage
- Climatic suitability/likely to suit New Zealand’s climate
- Overwintering ability which results in it being a public nuisance
- Cryptic nature - hard to find during inspections etc
- Large population growth within a quick amount of time
- Limited control options and tolerance to chemicals

9. Why is it important for growers to keep records of where they have sourced their plants/plant material from?
The implementation of an effective traceability system enables a quick response to a biosecurity incursion by tracing suspect or infected plant material and locating, prioritising, and treating suspect or infected orchards. It also aids in early detection of threats which gives us the best chance at a successful eradication.

10. Name three pathways onto an orchard that can introduce pests and diseases.
- Plant material (budwood, nursery plants, pollen)
- People
- Equipment and machinery
- Shows and tools
- Organic matter

11. If a grower is worried about the biosecurity risk that contractors may bring on to their property, what are three things they can do to reduce this risk?
- Have signs stating best practice
- Provide washdown facilities
- Make tool sanitiser available or provide tools onsite
- Have sign-in sheets for traceability
- Provide a footbath
- Put biosecurity requirements into agreements and contracts
- Have designated parking areas

12. What should you do if you observe plants with unusual symptoms or see an organism that may be a new invasive pest on your orchard?
- Catch it, snap it, and report it to KVH on 0800 665 825 or MPI on 0800 80 99 66
- Tag the vine or capture the pest/organism if you can
- Take pictures
- Tell your manager, orchard owner or industry organisation

13. There is an initiative in the Bay of Plenty called Tauranga Moana Biosecurity Capital (TMBC). What is it?
A partnership between local and national government, iwi, businesses, and other organisations to tackle the threat of invasive pests and diseases. The goal is for different groups of people to work together to promote and co-ordinate biosecurity actions across the region and be an example for others to aspire to.

14. There are many similarities between the response to COVID-19 and how New Zealand manages biosecurity. Name three principles that have been used during the COVID-19 response that could be applied to a biosecurity response?
- Surveillance (i.e., testing)
- Asymptomatic spread
- Tracing (QR codes) to determine the origin and spread of the pest or disease
- Movement controls (i.e., restricted areas or lock downs)
- Isolation of infected areas/products
- Cleaning and hygiene procedures
- Weighing up the options for treatments (if they exist) to prevent, eradicate or contain the pest or disease (i.e., vaccinations)