During spring, Psa-V symptoms can change quickly as sap rises. Therefore, ongoing monitoring of orchards is essential at this time of year.

Monitoring of male vines, particularly in areas where males were affected by Psa-V in previous years, is recommended to allow growers to make early assessments of likely artificial pollination needs. Pollen suppliers have indicated stocks are lower than in past years.

Following recent orchards visits, KVH has prepared the following observation reports:

• Te Puke Hayward block where males were badly affected by Psa in 2012
• Te Puke Gold3 block on Chinensis rootstock which recently began to show exudate